Erosion dynamics of tungsten fuzz during ELM-like heat loading
Transient heat loading and high-flux particle loading on plasma facing components in fusion reactors can lead to surface melting and possible erosion. Helium-induced fuzz formation is expected to exacerbate thermal excursions, due to a significant drop in thermal conductivity. The effect of heating...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of applied physics 2018-04, Vol.123 (13) |
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Hauptverfasser: | , , |
Format: | Artikel |
Sprache: | eng |
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Zusammenfassung: | Transient heat loading and high-flux particle loading on plasma facing components in fusion reactors can lead to surface melting and possible erosion. Helium-induced fuzz formation is expected to exacerbate thermal excursions, due to a significant drop in thermal conductivity. The effect of heating in edge-localized modes (ELMs) on the degradation and erosion of a tungsten (W) fuzz surface was examined experimentally in the Ultra High Flux Irradiation-II facility at the Center for Materials Under Extreme Environment. W foils were first exposed to low-energy He+ ion irradiation at a fluence of 2.6 × 1024 ions m−2 and a steady-state temperature of 1223 K. Then, samples were exposed to 1000 pulses of ELM-like heat loading, at power densities between 0.38 and 1.51 GW m−2 and at a steady-state temperature of 1223 K. Comprehensive erosion analysis measured clear material loss of the fuzz nanostructure above 0.76 GW m−2 due to melting and splashing of the exposed surface. Imaging of the surface via scanning electron microscopy revealed that sufficient heating at 0.76 GW m−2 and above caused fibers to form tendrils to conglomerate and form droplets. Repetitive thermal loading on molten surfaces then led to eventual splashing. In situ erosion measurements taken using a witness plate and a quartz crystal microbalance showed an exponential increase in mass loss with energy density. Compositional analysis of the witness plates revealed an increase in the W 4f signal with increasing energy density above 0.76 GW m−2. The reduced thermal stability of the fuzz nanostructure puts current erosion predictions into question and strengthens the importance of mitigation techniques. |
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ISSN: | 0021-8979 1089-7550 |
DOI: | 10.1063/1.5023665 |