Effect of a damping force on dust acoustic waves simulated by particle-in-cell method

Damping dust acoustic waves described by the Korteweg-de Vries-type (KdV-type) equation and the nonlinear Schrödinger equation-type (quasi-NLSE) have been studied by the particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation method. The KdV-type equation and the quasi-NLSE with dust-neutral collision are analytically obtained by the reductive perturbation method. The PIC simulation methods for dust acoustic waves with damping force are shown. The PIC simulation results are compared with the analytical one. The relationship of the damping coefficient with the collision frequency is obtained. It is found that amplitudes of KdV-type solitary waves and quasienvelope solitary waves with damping force decrease exponentially.