Electro-optic effect exaltation on lithium niobate photonic crystalsdue to slow photons

The authors demonstrate how slow group velocities that are easily attainable at the band edge of photonic crystals can drastically enhance the electro-optical effect on tunable photonic crystal components. This property opens up the possibility of microsized nonlinear devices with low power requirement. In this letter we show how these possibilities for enhancement of nonlinear effects have been used to fabricate a 13 × 13 μ m 2 sized lithium niobate photonic crystal intensity modulator that shows an enhanced electro-optic effect 312 times bigger than the one predicted by the classical Pockels effect for an equivalent device in bulk material.