Two new sealed sample cells for small angle x-ray scattering from macromolecules in solution and complex fluids using synchrotron radiation

Two different vacuum tight sample cells for in situ temperature dependent small angle scattering from liquids are presented in this article. In the first one, the sample fills a 1 mm thickness gap sealed on both sides by two thin parallel mica windows (volume 300 μ l ). In the second one, the liquid is injected into a 1 mm cylindrical capillary tube (volume 130 μ l ). The cells are lodged into temperature controlled chambers directly connected to the beamline vacuum path. Several important improvements with respect to similar instrumentation previously reported are: (1) versatile application of the mica cell, that can be used for all types of samples (gels, liquid crystals, and dispersions in organic solvents) and (2) the design of the chamber for the capillary cell allows registration of wider angle data and a convenient replacement of the capillary tube after each experiment. Signal to background ratio and data reproducibility were tested using protein solutions. We give a brief report of scattering experiments performed with different protein samples and two-dimensional data collection.