The Quaternary alluvial systems tract of the Pantanal Basin, Brazil

ABSTRACT The Pantanal Basin is an active sedimentary basin in central-west Brazil that consists of a complex alluvial systems tract characterized by the interaction between different river systems developed in one of the largest wetlands in the world. The Paraguay River is the trunk river system tha...

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Veröffentlicht in:Brazilian journal of geology 2015-09, Vol.45 (3), p.475-489
Hauptverfasser: Assine, Mario Luis, Merino, Eder Renato, Pupim, Fabiano do Nascimento, Macedo, Hudson de Azevedo, Santos, Mauricio Guerreiro Martinho dos
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Sprache:eng ; por
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Zusammenfassung:ABSTRACT The Pantanal Basin is an active sedimentary basin in central-west Brazil that consists of a complex alluvial systems tract characterized by the interaction between different river systems developed in one of the largest wetlands in the world. The Paraguay River is the trunk river system that drains the water and part of the sediment load received from areas outside of the basin. Depositional styles vary considerably along the river profiles throughout the basin, with the development of entrenched meandering belts, anastomosing reaches, and floodplain ponds. Paleodrainage patterns are preserved on the surface of abandoned lobes of fluvial fans, which also exhibit many degradational channels. Here, we propose a novel classification scheme according to which the geomorphology, hydrological regime and sedimentary dynamics of these fluvial systems are determined by the geology and geomorphology of the source areas. In this way, the following systems are recognized and described: (I) the Paraguay trunk-river plains; (II) fluvial fans sourced by the tablelands catchment area; (III) fluvial fans sourced by lowlands; and (IV) fluvial interfans. We highlight the importance of considering the influences of source areas when interpreting contrasting styles of fluvial architectures in the rock record. RESUMO A Bacia do Pantanal é uma bacia sedimentar situada no Centro-Oeste do Brasil, caracterizada pela presença de um moderno trato deposicional aluvial e pela interação de vários tipos de sistemas desenvolvidos em uma das maiores e mais importantes áreas úmidas do planeta. O Rio Paraguai representa o rio-tronco do sistema e drena a água e parte da carga sedimentar recebida de outras áreas extrabacinais. Os rios nos diferentes sistemas apresentam mudanças de estilo fluvial em consequência de fatores alogênicos e autogênicos, com desenvolvimento de cinturões de meandros incisos, domínios distributários não confinados e mundanças de canal único para padrões multicanal (anabranching ). A superfície de lobos abandonados apresenta complexa rede de paleocanais e canais degradacionais tributários superimpostos. Com base na geomorfologia, na hidrossedimentologia e nos processos de sedimentação, é proposta classificação dos sistemas aluviais do trato deposicional do Pantanal em quatro grupos principais: (I) planícies do rio tronco; (II) leques fluviais com bacias de captação em planaltos sedimentares; (III) leques fluviais formados por rios provenientes de terrenos pré-c
ISSN:2317-4889
2317-4692
2317-4889
DOI:10.1590/2317-4889201520150014