Cacao breeding in Bahia, Brazil: strategies and results

Cacao was introduced in Bahia in 1756, becoming later the largest producer state in the country. In order to support the planting of cacao in the region, a breeding program was established by CEPEC at the beginning of the 1970s. For a long time, the program consisted in testing new hybrids (full-sib...

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Veröffentlicht in:Crop breeding and applied biotechnology 2011-06, Vol.11 (spe), p.73-81
Hauptverfasser: Lopes, Uilson Vanderlei, Monteiro, Wilson Reis, Pires, José Luis, Clement, Didier, Yamada, Milton Macoto, Gramacho, Karina Peres
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Sprache:eng
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Zusammenfassung:Cacao was introduced in Bahia in 1756, becoming later the largest producer state in the country. In order to support the planting of cacao in the region, a breeding program was established by CEPEC at the beginning of the 1970s. For a long time, the program consisted in testing new hybrids (full-sibs) and releasing a mixture of the best ones to farmers. Lately, particularly after the witches´ broom arrival in the region, in 1989, recurrent breeding strategies were implemented, aiming mainly the development of clones. From 1993 to 2010, more than 500 progenies, accumulating 30 thousand trees, were developed by crossing many parents with resistance to witches´ broom, high yield and other traits. In this period, more than 500 clones were put in trials and 39 clones and 3 hybrids were released to farmers. In this paper the strategies and results achieved by the program are reviewed. Overall the program has good interface with pathology and genomic programs. Cacau foi introduzido na Bahia em 1756, tornando-se posteriormente o estado maior produtor no país. Visando dar suporte ao plantio de cacau na região, um programa de melhoramento foi estabelecido pelo CEPEC no início dos anos 1970. Por longo tempo, o programa consistiu em testar novos híbridos (irmãos completos) e distribuir uma mistura dos melhores para os produtores. Posteriormente, particularmente após a chegada da vassoura-de-bruxa à região, em 1989, estratégias de melhoramento recorrente foram implementadas visando principalmente o desenvolvimento de clones. De 1993 a 2010, mais de 500 progênies, acumulando mais de 30 mil árvores, foram desenvolvidas por cruzamento de muitos progenitores com resistência à vassoura-de-bruxa, alta produção e outros caracteres. Neste período, mais de 500 clones foram colocados em ensaios e 39 deles e três híbridos foram recomendados para os produtores. Neste artigo as estratégias e os resultados obtidos pelo programa são revistos. De modo geral o programa tem boa interface com os programas de fitopatologia e genômica.
ISSN:1984-7033
1984-7033
DOI:10.1590/S1984-70332011000500011