CLASSIFICATION OF Phaseolus lunatus L. USING IMAGE ANALYSIS AND MACHINE LEARNING MODELS

ABSTRACT Image analysis combined with machine learning models can be an excellent tool for classification of fava (Phaseolus lunatus L.) genotypes and is a low-cost system. Fava is grown by family farmers, mainly, in the Northeast and South regions of Brazil, presenting economic and social importance. Evaluations to gather information on qualitative and quantitative characters of seeds enable the description and distinction of genotypes, allowing the evaluation of variability of plant species, which is essential in breeding programs. The use of image analysis is a fast and economic tool for obtaining large quantity of information. Machine learning techniques have been developed and implemented in the agricultural sector due to technological advances and increasing use of artificial intelligence, which enables the automatization of several processes. In this context, the objective of this work was to evaluate different machine learning models to classify fava genotypes, using data obtained through image analysis. Images of fava seeds were captured using a table scanner (HP Scanjet 2004), set to true color mode, arranged upside down inside of an aluminum box fully closed during the capture of the images for an adequate illumination and prevention of environmental noises. The K-Nearest Neighbor, Naive Bayes, Linear Discriminant Analysis, Support Vector Machine, Gradient Boosting, Bootstrap Aggregating, Classification and Regression Trees, Random Forest, and C50 models were used for the study. Linear Discriminant Analysis was the model that presented the highest efficiency for classifying the genotypes, with an accuracy of 90%. RESUMO - A análise de imagem associada com modelos de aprendizado de máquina pode ser uma excelente ferramenta de classificação para genótipos de fava, além de ser um sistema de baixo custo. A produção de feijão-fava é realizada por agricultores familiares, principalmente, nas regiões Nordeste e Sul do país, apresentando importância econômica e social. A avaliação e o conhecimento de caracteres qualitativos e quantitativos das sementes, permite a descrição e distinção de genótipos, permitindo a avaliação da variabilidade desta espécie, que é fundamental em um programa de melhoramento. O uso de análise de imagem é uma das ferramentas para obtenção de uma grande quantidade de informações de forma rápida e econômica. Com os avanços tecnológicos, e o uso cada vez mais comum de inteligência artificial, as técnicas de aprendizado de máquinas