IMP3, CDK4, MDM2 and β-catenin expression in Enchondroma and Central Chondrosarcoma: Diagnostic and prognostic utility

•IMP3, CDK4, MDM2 and β-catenin are expressed in Enchondromas of short bones.•These antibodies are useless in distinguishing Enchondroma and Chondrosarcoma G1.•Their positivity is proportional to Chondrosarcomas histological grade increase.•The positivity of IMP3, CDK4 and MDM2 is associated to metastasis.•The expression of MDM2 is associated with a worse prognosis related to death. The role of IMP3, CDK4, MDM2 and β-catenin proteins in Enchondroma and Central Chondrosarcoma is not totally understood. The aim of this study is to evaluate the immunoexpression of these proteins, associating histological grade, clinical data and prognosis to these tumors. This is a retrospective-analytical study of 32 Enchondroma and 70 Central Chondrosarcoma. IMP3, CDK4, MDM2 and β-catenin expression was observed in 22.82 %, 13.82 %, 17.17 % and in 8.8 % of cases, respectively. All Enchondromas positive for these immunomarkers were located in short tubular bones. The positivity for these antibodies is directly proportional to Chondrosarcoma's histological grade increase. No difference was found between Enchondroma and Chondrosarcoma, Grade 1 for IMP3, CDK4 and ß-catenin positivity. Significant metastasis outcome was observed for IMP3, CDK4, MDM2 and death for MDM2 expression. IMP3, CDK4, MDM2 and β-catenin expression in Enchondromas of short bones phenotypically characterizes these tumors. Their expression has not proven to be useful either as diagnostic markers of these neoplasms or in distinguishing between Enchondroma and Chondrosarcoma, Grade 1. The significant immunoexpression of IMP3, CDK4 and MDM2 in metastatic Chondrosarcoma and the lower survival in those with positivity for MDM2 suggest a possible association of these proteins with tumor aggressiveness.