Fish attractors when resources abound: prevalence of juveniles and lack of assemblage structure in a field experiment in the Amazon floodplain

Abstract Floating structures, both natural and artificial, attract fish by providing shelter, feeding areas, and nesting sites. Occupancy can be either more permanent, leading to a gradual gathering of the assembly, or transient, occurring randomly. The ability of an attractor to hold a fish assemblage may depend on the availability of habitat resources in the environment. New artificial attractors are more valuable when natural ones are scarce. Additionally, fish characteristics play a role; young and small fishes may need new habitat for shelter more than adult fish. As aquatic herbaceous areas are abundant during high water, coinciding with the period of fish reproduction, they are particularly relevant for juveniles. We constructed fish attractors composed of natural materials to investigate the structure of fish assemblages during the flood of an Amazonian floodplain lake. Our aim was to test the hypothesis that assembly processes during the flood period would be random, with a predominance of juveniles in the attractors. We collected fish at intervals of 5, 15, and 30 days, resulting in 39 observations, and classified them as either adult or juvenile. Species composition was compared among treatments using Principal Coordinates Analysis (PCoA). The assembly process was tested through species co-occurrence patterns employing null models and the C-score index. The proportion of juveniles and adults was compared using a Chi-square test. Species composition remained consistent throughout the experiment. The assembly was random, with a prevalence of juveniles, possibly serving only as temporary shelter and feeding areas. Our study contributes to understanding the role of habitat availability for floodplain fishes during high waters. The results suggest that floating attractors and new habitats may be more valuable for the juveniles than adult fish and can be used as a management strategy for population recovery, especially when floating herbaceous habitats are scarce. Resumo As estruturas flutuantes, naturais ou artificiais, atraem os peixes, fornecendo abrigo, áreas de alimentação e locais de nidificação. A ocupação pode ser mais permanente, resultando em um recolhimento gradativo da assembleia, ou transitória, ocorrendo aleatoriamente. A capacidade de um atrator de manter uma assembleia de peixes pode depender da disponibilidade de recursos de habitat no ambiente. Novos atratores artificiais são mais valiosos quando os naturais são escassos. Além disso,