Using the RSM method of improving process parameters of welding AISI 316 and nickel 201 using CO2 laser

ABSTRACT The dissimilar butt welding of nickel 201 and AISI 316 was studied by utilising a 4 kW CO2 laser with the help of Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The effects of laser power are 2580–3420 W; welding speed 450–1150 mm/s; focal position –1 to 0 mm; beam angle 84–96 degrees; and beam offset 0–0.2 mm on weld geometry, i.e., depth of penetration, bead width, and the Fusion Zone Area (FZ). The required weld profile responses for dissimilar butt welding were modeled mathematically. The constructed models were tested using the sequential F-test, lack of fit test, and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Mathematical models are reflected in the output answers within the parameters of the input process. This laser welding process with an optimal condition zone was discovered using a numeric optimization technique. It aids in the optimization of this process’s regulated responses by allowing for more effective parameter combinations. It is clear from the tensile test results that the expected weld strength has been achieved. There is some delta ferrite found in the interdendritic zone in the microstructure and the solidification process reveals columnar grains.