Use of the test bench for spray drift assessment under subtropical climate conditions

ABSTRACT As an alternative to the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) method 22866, a method for the field measurement of spray drift was developed in the Department of Agricultural, Forestry and Environmental Economics and Engineering of the University of Turin, Italy. This new method, termed “test bench,” can be applied for wind conditions beyond those covered in ISO 22866. The aim of this study was to quantify the drift potential of three nozzles at two working pressures and two sprayer boom heights using the test bench method, under subtropical climate conditions. The experiment was conducted at Bandeirantes, Paraná State, Brazil, from 2018 to 2019 in a completely randomized design with 12 treatments, wherein three nozzles were used at the minimum and maximum working pressures, and two boom heights were tested, with four replicates for each combination. The following nozzles were used: XR11002 (100 and 400 kPa), AIXR11002 (100 and 600 kPa), and ATR 2.0 (400 and 2000 kPa), operating at boom heights of 0.50 and 1.00 m. The test bench method allows for drift assessment under subtropical climate conditions, and the results revealed that changes in meteorological conditions, nozzles, and pressure are key factors affecting the drift potential of boom sprayers. Relative air humidity and working pressure were the most important determining factors of the drift potential of the nozzles, whereas boom height had no effect on drift potential. RESUMO Uma metodologia alternativa ao método da ISO 22866, para medir deriva em campo foi desenvolvida no Departamento de Agricultura, Silvicultura, e Economia e Engenharia Ambiental da Universidade de Turin, Itália. Este novo método, denominado de “test bench”, pode ser aplicado para condições de vento diferentes daquelas possíveis na ISO 22866. O objetivo deste estudo foi quantificar o potencial de deriva de três pontas de pulverização em duas pressões de trabalho e duas alturas da barra de pulverização utilizando o método test bench em condições de clima subtropical. O trabalho foi realizado em Bandeirantes, PR, entre 2018 e 2019 em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com 12 tratamentos, constituídos de três pontas de pulverização, as quais foram usadas nas pressões de trabalho mínima e máxima e duas alturas da barra de pulverização com quatro repetições. As pontas utilizadas foram XR11002 (100 e 400 kPa), AIXR11002 (100 e 600 kPa) e ATR 2.0 (400 e 2000 kPa), operando nas alturas da barra de pulverização