Progress in high-energy electron and x-irradiation of insulating dielectrics

The effects of high-energy irradiation on the charging of insulators is reviewed with a viewpoint similar to the seminal work of Professor Bernhard Gross. Recent results relating to insulation breakdown and to insulators in space radiation are more easily explained because of Gross' fundamental studies. A number of important issues remain unsolved, yet the first steps to solutions have been provided by Gross.