15N-labeled nitrogen from green manure and ammonium sulfate utilization by the sugarcane ratoon

Legumes as green manure are alternative sources of nitrogen (N) for crops and can supplement or even replace mineral nitrogen fertilization due to their potential for biological nitrogen fixation (BNF). The utilization of nitrogen by sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) fertilized with sunn hemp (Crotalaria j...

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Veröffentlicht in:Scientia agricola 2011-06, Vol.68 (3), p.361-368
Hauptverfasser: Ambrosano, Edmilson José, Trivelin, Paulo Cesar Ocheuze, Cantarella, Heitor, Ambrosano, Gláucia Maria Bovi, Schammass, Eliana Aparecida, Muraoka, Takashi, Rossi, Fabrício
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Sprache:eng
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Zusammenfassung:Legumes as green manure are alternative sources of nitrogen (N) for crops and can supplement or even replace mineral nitrogen fertilization due to their potential for biological nitrogen fixation (BNF). The utilization of nitrogen by sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) fertilized with sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) and ammonium sulfate (AS) was evaluated using the 15N tracer technique. N was added at the rate of 196 and 70 kg ha-1 as 15Nlabeled sunn hemp green manure (SH) and as ammonium sulfate (AS), respectively. Treatments were: (i) Control; (ii) AS15N; (iii) SH15N + AS; (iv) SH15N; and (v) AS15N + SH. Sugarcane was cultivated for five years and was harvested three times. 15N recovery was evaluated in the two first harvests. In the sum of the three harvests, the highest stalk yields were obtained with a combination of green manure and inorganic N fertilizer; however, in the second cutting the yields were higher where SH was used than in plots with AS. The recovery of N by the first two consecutive harvests accounted for 19 to 21% of the N applied as leguminous green manure and 46 to 49% of the N applied as AS. The amounts of inorganic N, derived from both N sources, present in the 0-0.4 m layer of soil in the first season after N application and were below 1 kg ha-1. Leguminosas, como adubo verde, são fontes alternativas de nitrogênio para as culturas e podem complementar ou mesmo substituir a adubação mineral nitrogenada, devido ao seu potencial de fixação biológica de nitrogênio (FBN). A utilização do nitrogênio pela cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum spp.) fertilizada com crotalária (Crotalaria juncea L.) e sulfato de amônio (SA) foi avaliada utilizando a técnica de traçador 15N. As quantidades equivalentes a 196 e 70 kg de N por hectare foram adicionados como adubo verde crotalária júncea (CJ) e como o sulfato de amônio (SA), respectivamente, nos seguintes tratamentos: (i) controle; (ii) SA15N; (iii) CJ15N + SA; (iv) CJ15N; e (v) SA15N + CJ. A cana-de-açúcar foi cultivada por cinco anos e colhida três vezes. A recuperação do 15N foi avaliada nas duas primeiras colheitas. Na soma das três safras, os maiores rendimentos de colmos foram obtidos com uma combinação de adubos verdes e fertilizantes N inorgânicos, mas, no segundo corte rendimentos superiores foram observados nos tratamentos com CJ em comparação com os observados com SA. A recuperação de N nas primeiras duas safras consecutivas representou 19 a 21% do N aplicado como adubo verde e 46 a 49% do N aplicado co
ISSN:0103-9016
1678-992X
0103-9016
DOI:10.1590/S0103-90162011000300014