Citrus sinensis leaf petiole and blade colonization by Xylella fastidiosa: details of xylem vessel occlusion

Citrus variegated chlorosis (CVC), caused by Xylella fastidiosa, is an important disease of citrus in Brazil. X. fastidiosa is restricted to xylem vessels of plants and knowledge regarding xylem colonization is still limited. Our goal was to verify how this bacterium colonizes and spreads within xyl...

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Veröffentlicht in:Scientia agricola 2009-01, Vol.66 (2), p.218-224
Hauptverfasser: Alves, Eduardo(UFLA Depto. de Fitopatologia), Leite, Breno, Pascholati, Sérgio Florentino(USP ESALQ Depto. de Entomologia, Fitopatologia e Zoologia Agrícola), Ishida, Maria Lúcia(Florida Department of Agriculture), Andersen, Peter Craig(University of Florida IFAS NFREC)
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Sprache:eng
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Zusammenfassung:Citrus variegated chlorosis (CVC), caused by Xylella fastidiosa, is an important disease of citrus in Brazil. X. fastidiosa is restricted to xylem vessels of plants and knowledge regarding xylem colonization is still limited. Our goal was to verify how this bacterium colonizes and spreads within xylem vessels of sweet orange Citrus sinensis cv. Pêra. Petioles and pieces of leaf blades from naturally infected plant exhibiting characteristic symptoms were prepared for light microscopy (LM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and immunogold labeling (IGL). Petioles from healthy plants were used as control. IGL results, using an antibody against wall hemicelluloses, revealed that the pit membrane of vessels was altered. Bacterial cells were observed in the pit between adjacent vessels. Results support the contention that X. fastidiosa produces cellulases to reach adjacent vessels. SEM revealed that colonization of sweet orange started with X. fastidiosa cells attaching to the xylem wall, followed by an increase in the number of bacterial cells, the production of fibrous material, and finally vessel occlusion by biofilm composed of copious amounts of amorphous material, strands and cells. Phenolic materials, hyperplasia and hypertrophy were noticed in leaves with gummy material. Xylem vessels frequently contained an unknown needle-like, crystallized matter blocking the vessel. A clorose variegada dos citrus (CVC), causada por uma bactéria restrita ao xilema (Xylella fastidiosa), é uma importante doença de citros no Brasil, entretanto, pouco se sabe sobre a colonização dos vasos do xilema pela bactéria. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar como X. fastidiosa invade os vasos adjacentes do xilema e algumas das alterações expressas por plantas de laranja Pêra. Foram coletadas 15 amostras de pecíolos e áreas das folhas de plantas com sintomas característicos da doença, as quais foram preparadas para microscopia de luz, microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e transmissão (MET) e imunomarcação de polissacarídeos da parede primária. Pecíolos de folhas sadias foram utilizados como controle. Os resultados da imunomarcação para hemicelulose mostraram alterações na integridade da membrana da pontuação. A bactéria foi localizada nas imediações e no interior das pontuações entre dois vasos. Estas observações suportam a hipótese de que X. fastidiosa produz celulases para alcançar os vasos adjacentes do xilema. Imagens de MEV revela
ISSN:0103-9016
1678-992X
1678-992X
0103-9016
DOI:10.1590/s0103-90162009000200011