Rice cold tolerance at the reproductive stage in a controlled environment

Cold tolerance of rice (Oryza sativa L.) during the reproductive stage is important to guarantee high yield under low temperature environments. Field selection, however, does not allow identification of adequate tolerance sources and limits selection of segregating lines due to variable temperature. The objective of this study was to devise methods for distinguishing rice genotypes as to their cold tolerance at the reproductive stage when evaluated under controlled temperature. The effect of cold temperatures was investigated in six rice genotypes at 17°C for varying length of time (three, five, seven and ten days) at two reproductive stages (microsporogenesis and anthesis). Cold tolerance was measured as the percentage of reduction in panicle exsertion and in spikelet fertility. Evaluating cold tolerance through the reduction in panicle exsertion did not allow for the distinction between cold tolerant from cold sensitive genotypes and, when the reduction in spikelet fertility was considered, a minimum of seven days was required to differentiate the genotypes for cold tolerance. Genotypes were more sensitive to cold at anthesis than at microsporogenesis and, as these stages were highly correlated, cold screening could be performed at anthesis only, since it is easier to determine. Rice cold tolerance at the reproductive stage may be characterized by the reduction in spikelet fertility due to cold temperature (17°C) applied for seven days at anthesis. A tolerância do arroz (Oryza sativa L.) ao frio no período reprodutivo é importante para garantir alto rendimento em ambientes com temperatura baixa. No entanto, a seleção em condições de campo não permite identificar fontes adequadas de tolerância e limita a seleção de linhas segregantes devido à temperatura variável. Este trabalho teve por objetivo definir uma metodologia capaz de distinguir genótipos de arroz quanto à sua tolerância ao frio no período reprodutivo quando avaliados sob temperatura controlada. O efeito do frio foi investigado em seis genótipos de arroz submetidos a 17°C por períodos variáveis de tempo (três, cinco, sete e dez dias) em dois estádios do período reprodutivo (microsporogênese e antese). A tolerância ao frio foi avaliada por meio da porcentagem de redução na exerção da panícula e na fertilidade de espiguetas. O resultados indicaram que avaliar a tolerância ao frio por meio da redução na exerção da panícula não permitiu separar genótipos tolerantes ao frio de genótipos sensíveis e,