Nitrogen fertilization impact on agronomic traits of maize hybrids released at different decades
Genetic selection of maize hybrids is often conducted using high N rates during the breeding cycle. This procedure may either lead to the release of genotypes that present nitrogen luxury consumption or require a stronger N input to accomplish their yield potential. This work was carried out to eval...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Pesquisa agropecuaria brasileira 2001-05, Vol.36 (5), p.757-764 |
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Zusammenfassung: | Genetic selection of maize hybrids is often conducted using high N rates during the breeding cycle. This procedure may either lead to the release of genotypes that present nitrogen luxury consumption or require a stronger N input to accomplish their yield potential. This work was carried out to evaluate the effects of N rates on grain yield and N use efficiency of hybrids cultivated in different decades in Southern Brazil. The trial was performed in Lages, Santa Catarina State. A split plot design was used. Hybrids Ag 12, Ag 28, Ag 303 and Ag 9012, released during the 60's, 70's, 80's and 90's, respectively, were evaluated in the main plots. Nitrogen rates equivalent to 0, 50, 100 and 200 kg ha-1 were side-dressed in the split-plots when each hybrid had six fully expanded leaves. Modern-day hybrid Ag 9012 had higher grain yield than hybrids of earlier eras, regardless of N rates. Under high doses of N, the older hybrids Ag 12 and Ag 28 took up more N and presented higher values of shoot dry matter at flowering than Ag 9012. Nonetheless, they set less grains per ear which contributed to decrease their grain yield and N use efficiency.
Novos híbridos de milho são normalmente desenvolvidos utilizando-se altas doses de N durante o ciclo de seleção. Isto pode favorecer o lançamento de genótipos que apresentem consumo de luxo de N ou requeiram altas doses deste nutriente para expressarem o seu potencial produtivo. Este trabalho foi conduzido para avaliar os efeitos de doses de N sobre o rendimento de grãos e eficiência de uso do N de híbridos cultivados em diferentes épocas no sul do Brasil. O ensaio foi conduzido em Lages, Santa Catarina. Os híbridos Ag 12, Ag 28, Ag 303 e Ag 9012, lançados comercialmente nas décadas de 60, 70, 80 e 90, respectivamente, foram avaliados na parcela principal. Doses de N de 0, 50, 100 e 200 kg ha-1 foram aplicadas em cobertura nas subparcelas. O híbrido moderno Ag 9012 expressou maior rendimento de grãos do que os demais híbridos, independentemente da dose de N testada. Quando foram utilizadas altas doses de N, os híbridos antigos Ag 12 e Ag 28 absorveram mais N e concentraram mais matéria seca na parte aérea durante o florescimento. No entanto, produziram menor número de grãos por espiga, menor rendimento de grãos e eficiência de uso do nitrogênio. |
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ISSN: | 0100-204X 1678-3921 1678-3921 0100-204X |
DOI: | 10.1590/S0100-204X2001000500005 |