The use of cattle manure and supplementary feeding in growth studies on the Chinese Silver Carp in Transkei

Cattle manure and inorganic fertilizers have been used to grow the Chinese silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix in fish ponds in Transkei. Certain physical and chemical parameters of the pond water were monitored 11 >"",01""', ... with fish growth performance to determine adjustments in mu"",.,,,. Results on the pond water chemistry in oxygen levels but anaerobic conditions did not prevail during In., _~1I,""'1I than one year. A n analysis of the macro-invertebrate benthic fauna showed that the benthic feeding common carp 'L- ViOllJIU~ carpi should be included in polyculture with the silver carp in manure ponds together with detritus, algal and zooplankton-feeding fish. The inclusion of a predator to eliminate the platanna Xenopus leaves, which prey on young fish, is also recommend