Triflate anion chemistry for enhanced four-electron zinc-iodine aqueous batteries

I + hydrolysis, sluggish iodine redox kinetics and the instability of Zn anodes are the primary challenges for aqueous four-electron zinc-iodine batteries (4eZIBs). Herein, the OTf − anion chemistry in aqueous electrolyte is essential for developing advanced 4eZIBs. It is elucidated that OTf − anions establish weak hydrogen bonds (H bonds) with water to stabilize I + species while optimizing a water-lean Zn 2+ coordination structure to mitigate Zn dendrites and corrosion. Moreover, the interaction of the OTf − anions with the iodine species results in an increased equilibrium average intermolecular bond length of the iodine species, facilitating the 4e redox kinetics of iodine with improved reversibility. OTf − anions establish weak hydrogen-bonds with water to stabilize I + species while optimizing a water-lean Zn 2+ coordination structure to mitigate Zn dendrites and corrosion for developing advanced four-electron zinc-iodine aqueous batteries.