Modulating SEI formation tuning the solvation sheath for lithium metal batteries

The solvation sheath of Li + -glyme was modulated to enhance Li + -TFSI − association by adopting a highly polar solvent, especially water molecules, which affects the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layer composition. By the Li + -TFSI − association, a TFSI − anion-derived SEI layer is formed on the Li metal anode, resulting in higher Li metal anode efficiency. Water-induced solvation sheath control enables higher efficiency of Li metal usage, resulting from novel anion-derived SEI layer formation.