Sulfonated NbS-based proton-exchange membranes for vanadium redox flow batteries

In this work, novel proton-exchange membranes (PEMs) based on sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) and two-dimensional (2D) sulfonated niobium disulphide (S-NbS 2 ) nanoflakes are synthesized by a solution-casting method and used in vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs). The NbS 2 nanoflakes...

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Veröffentlicht in:Nanoscale 2022-04, Vol.14 (16), p.6152-6161
Hauptverfasser: Beydaghi, Hossein, Bellani, Sebastiano, Najafi, Leyla, Oropesa-Nuñez, Reinier, Bianca, Gabriele, Bagheri, Ahmad, Conticello, Irene, Martín-García, Beatriz, Kashefi, Sepideh, Serri, Michele, Liao, Liping, Sofer, Zden k, Pellegrini, Vittorio, Bonaccorso, Francesco
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Zusammenfassung:In this work, novel proton-exchange membranes (PEMs) based on sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) and two-dimensional (2D) sulfonated niobium disulphide (S-NbS 2 ) nanoflakes are synthesized by a solution-casting method and used in vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs). The NbS 2 nanoflakes are produced by liquid-phase exfoliation of their bulk counterpart and chemically functionalized with terminal sulfonate groups to improve dimensional and chemical stabilities, proton conductivity ( σ ) and fuel barrier properties of the as-produced membranes. The addition of S-NbS 2 nanoflakes to SPEEK decreases the vanadium ion permeability from 5.42 × 10 −7 to 2.34 × 10 −7 cm 2 min −1 . Meanwhile, it increases the membrane σ and selectivity up to 94.35 mS cm −2 and 40.32 × 10 4 S min cm −3 , respectively. The cell assembled with the optimized membrane incorporating 2.5 wt% of S-NbS 2 nanoflakes (SPEEK:2.5% S-NbS 2 ) exhibits high efficiency metrics, i.e. , coulombic efficiency between 98.7 and 99.0%, voltage efficiency between 90.2 and 73.2% and energy efficiency between 89.3 and 72.8% within the current density range of 100-300 mA cm −2 , delivering a maximum power density of 0.83 W cm −2 at a current density of 870 mA cm −2 . The SPEEK:2.5% S-NbS 2 membrane-based VRFBs show a stable behavior over 200 cycles at 200 mA cm −2 . This study opens up an effective avenue for the production of advanced SPEEK-based membranes for VRFBs. Novel proton-exchange membranes (PEMs) based on sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) and two-dimensional sulfonated niobium disulphide (S-NbS 2 ) nanoflakes are synthesized and used for vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs).
ISSN:2040-3364
2040-3372
DOI:10.1039/d1nr07872k