Electricity generation of a laminar-flow microbial fuel cell without any additional power supplyElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available. See DOI: 10.1039/c8ra07340f

Laminar-flow microbial fuel cells (LFMFCs) utilize the co-laminar flow feature in the microchannel as a virtual barrier to separate the anolyte and catholyte. However, for LFMFCs reported before, syringe pumps were always used to drive the fluid and form the co-laminar flow of anolyte and catholyte in the microchannel, reducing the net power output and the efficiency of the whole system. In this study, a laminar-flow microbial fuel cell (LFMFC) without any additional power supply is proposed. The LFMFC is successfully started-up after inoculation for 90 h. The anode biofilm distribution becomes sparser along the flow direction due to the thicker boundary layer and unfavorable crossover from the catholyte downstream. Moreover, the LFMFC delivers a maximum volumetric power density of 3200 W m −3 , which is higher than that of previous LFMFCs without membranes. Considering the practical application of LFMFC as a power source, the cell voltage responses to different conditions are further investigated. When the external resistance is switched between 1000 Ω and 4000 Ω, it takes the LFMFC 10 minutes to reach a stable voltage output. However, the voltage response to the intermittent supply takes 1 h to reach a stable value. Additionally, short-term cold storage has little effect on bacterial metabolic activity and cell voltage. A novel laminar-flow microbial fuel cell without any additional power supply is proposed.