Direct Li+ incorporation during the anodic formation of compact TiO2 layersElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available. See DOI: 10.1039/c8cc00829a

In this work, compact titanium oxide layers are formed by anodization in 1 M H 3 PO 4 aqueous electrolyte containing LiClO 4 . Elastic Recoil Detection Analysis (ERDA) measurements demonstrate that incorporation of lithium ions occurs during anodization, and cell-voltage transient measurements evidence the different electronic properties of Li-doped TiO 2 layers. The mechanism of direct incorporation of Li during the fabrication of TiO 2 layers is discussed. Direct incorporation of Li during the growth of anodic TiO 2 was achieved by a one-step fabrication process.