Controlling transmembrane protein concentration and orientation in supported lipid bilayersElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available: FRAP, AFM results for bilayer on glass and mica, and experiment details. See DOI: 10.1039/c7cc01023k

The trans-membrane protein - proteorhodopsin (pR) has been incorporated into supported lipid bilayers (SLB). In-plane electric fields have been used to manipulate the orientation and concentration of these proteins, within the SLB, through electrophoresis leading to a 25-fold increase concentration of pR. The trans-membrane protein-proteorhodopsin (pR) has been incorporated into supported lipid bilayers (SLB). In-plane electric fields have been used to manipulate the orientation and concentration of these proteins, within the SLB, through electrophoresis leading to a 25-fold increase concentration of pR.