Interaction of cells with patterned reactorsElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available: Close-up images of particle patterns, control samples for substrate-endothelial cell interaction, flow cytometry of reactor assembly, images of patterned reactors using empty lipsomes. See DOI: 10.1039/c7bm00838d

Surface coatings that allow externally controlled interaction with cells are of interested for diverse biomedical applications. We fabricated particle patterns and assessed the interaction of these substrates with endothelial cells and hepatocytes. The particles were turned into subcompartmentalized reactors by immobilizing glucose oxidase loaded liposomes sandwiched between polymer layers. The reactor activities depending on the number of liposome deposition steps were confirmed in solution and on patterned surfaces. Finally, reduced viability of hepatocytes adhering to the reactor patterned surfaces in the presence of glucose was observed due to the local production of hydrogen peroxide. This first report on patterned reactors in combination with cells opens up vast opportunities to assemble interactive nanobiointerfaces. The patterning of subcompartmentalized enzyme-loaded reactors is illustrated and the effect of triggered encapsulated catalysis on adhering cells is reported.