Intensification of TEMPO-mediated aerobic alcohol oxidations under three-phase flow conditionsElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available. See DOI: 10.1039/c3gc40159f

Various homogeneous and heterogeneous catalytic systems based on 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) and different (co-)oxidants have been reported for the selective oxidation of alcohols. Herein we report the use of a commercially available silica-immobilized TEMPO catalyst, in combination with catalytic amounts of HNO 3 as a NO x source under continuous three-phase flow conditions. First the stability of the catalyst was evaluated with benzyl alcohol and the reaction parameters were optimized. Subsequently different substrates were tested, focusing on the oxidation of renewable substrates like lactic acid and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). The aerobic oxidation of alcohols using immobilized 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) species in combination with catalytic amounts of HNO 3 is reported under continuous flow conditions.