A simple reduction process to synthesize MoO2/C composites with cage-like structure for high-performance lithium-ion batteries

Large-scale MoO 2 /carbon composites with a cage-like nanostructure have been synthesized by a simple hydrothermal reduction process. During the hydrothermal process, ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate ((NH 4 ) 6 Mo 7 O 24 4H 2 O) was employed as starting material and ascorbic acid as a structure directing agent, reductive agent and carbon source. MoO 2 /C nanospheres with diameters of about 1525 nm were interconnected to form a cage-like architecture. Time-dependent experiments illustrated that the cage-like structure was transformed from tightly packed MoO 2 nanoparticles. Furthermore, with a water-soluble binder (sodium alginate), the cage-like MoO 2 /C composites exhibited a high discharge capacity and significantly improved cycling performance compared to previously reported MoO 2 -based anode materials. The electrodes with the MoO 2 /C composites can deliver a capacity of 692.5 mA h g 1 after 80 chargedischarge cycles at a current density of 200 mA g 1 . After C-rate measurement, the battery still can maintain excellent cycling stability (about 550 mA h g 1 reversible capacity retained even after 475 cycles). The excellent electrochemical performance can be ascribed to the cage-like structure, which integrates three advantages: porous structure, interconnected MoO 2 /C framework and small nano-crystals. Cage-like MoO 2 /carbon composites with excellent electrochemical performance for lithium-ion batteries have been synthesized by a simple hydrothermal reduction process.