Colloidal graphenes as heterogeneous additives to enhance protein crystal yieldElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available. See DOI: 10.1039/c2nr31150j

In the structural analysis of proteins via X-ray diffraction, a rate-limiting step is in favourable nucleation, a problematic obstacle in successful generation of protein crystals. Here graphene and graphene oxide were applied to protein crystallisation trials, offering improvements in crystalline output and nucleation. Addition of graphenes to aid the structural analysis of proteins via X-ray diffraction in a universally applicable manner.