Photocatalytic CO2 reduction by TiO2 and related titanium containing solids

The shortage of fossil fuels and the need to find alternative renewable and sustainable fuels for transportation are triggering an increasing interest in the photocatalytic reduction of CO 2 . In this review, we have focused on titanium containing photocatalysts that effect the reduction of CO 2 to fuels. The various products that are more generally formed are CH 4 , CH 3 OH, CO as well as HCOOH. This review has been organized primarily depending on the type of titanium material used as the photocatalyst. The list includes pure TiO 2 as well as metal- and non metal-doped titania, noble metals supported on titania and micro-/mesoporous titanosilicates or porous matrices containing titania clusters. In a general introduction we comment on the limitations of the current approaches and the various possibilities and conditions for performing the irradiation. In a final section, we also give our view on future developments and open issues to be addressed in this field. This article reviews the use of different types of titania and other titania containing semiconductors for the production of fuels from CO 2 .