Volcano breath: A rare 'vog' event in the eastern bay of plenty, Aotearoa New Zealand

Whakaari/White Island, located 50 km offshore and north of Whakatane in the eastern Bay of Plenty, Aotearoa New Zealand (Figure 1), is the country's most active volcano. For more than a century, it has been in a state of constant unrest punctuated by small but hazardous eruptions. Often, the volcano emits a plume of water vapour and gases that are visible from the mainland. Residents of Whakatane were reminded of Whakaari's 'volcano breath' when a rare 'vog' episode occurred on 9 November 2021.