Long-term outcomes of papillary muscle relocation anteriorly for functional mitral regurgitation

This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of the patients who underwent restrictive annuloplasty (RA) plus papillary muscle relocation anteriorly (PMR-A) with the risk factors in mitral valve repair for functional mitral regurgitation (FMR). Eighty-six patients underwent mitral valve repair with RA for FMR. Thirty-five of them received additional bilateral papillary muscle relocation for severe leaflet tethering. The papillary muscles were relocated posteriorly (PMR-P) early in the study. Then, in the later period, the technique was modified to PMR-A, in which the papillary muscles were relocated anteriorly for 24 cases. The survival of the patients undergoing RA + PMR-A was examined retrospectively, adjusting for differences in patient background. Twenty-three deaths were observed during the follow-up period out of the 86 cases. Independent preoperative risk factors for survival were left ventricular ejection fraction, patient age and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) level. Among the patients with BNP