Probing FeSi, a d -electron topological Kondo insulator candidate, with magnetic field, pressure, and microwaves

Recently, evidence for a conducting surface state (CSS) below 19 K was reported for the correlated -electron small gap semiconductor FeSi. In the work reported herein, the CSS and the bulk phase of FeSi were probed via electrical resistivity ρ measurements as a function of temperature , magnetic field to 60 T, and pressure to 7.6 GPa, and by means of a magnetic field-modulated microwave spectroscopy (MFMMS) technique. The properties of FeSi were also compared with those of the Kondo insulator SmB to address the question of whether FeSi is a -electron analogue of an -electron Kondo insulator and, in addition, a "topological Kondo insulator" (TKI). The overall behavior of the magnetoresistance of FeSi at temperatures above and below the onset temperature = 19 K of the CSS is similar to that of SmB . The two energy gaps, inferred from the ρ( ) data in the semiconducting regime, increase with pressure up to about 7 GPa, followed by a drop which coincides with a sharp suppression of . Several studies of ρ( ) under pressure on SmB reveal behavior similar to that of FeSi in which the two energy gaps vanish at a critical pressure near the pressure at which vanishes, although the energy gaps in SmB initially decrease with pressure, whereas in FeSi they increase with pressure. The MFMMS measurements showed a sharp feature at ≈ 19 K for FeSi, which could be due to ferromagnetic ordering of the CSS. However, no such feature was observed at ≈ 4.5 K for SmB .