Utility of flexible interventional endoscopy in endoscopic sinus surgery: a case series

Purpose During endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS), difficult-to-reach pathologies need an extended endoscopic approach or an external approach. We started to use a flexible interventional endoscope (FIE) to evaluate the necessity of those approaches. The study's objective is to describe our experience and define patients who could benefit from this technique. Methods We reviewed every patient who benefited from FIE associated with ESS at our tertiary University Hospital between January 2021 and February 2022. Results During this period, we did 107 ESS, and 14 patients benefited from the FIE, representing 13% of our ESS. The median duration of the flexible endoscopy time was 14 min (4–38 min). We identified three groups of patients who can benefit from the FIE. The first one is for patients with a fungal infection, to control and to clean lateral recesses in a noninvasive manner. The second one is for patients with a pathology of the lateral frontal sinus, to remove the frontoethmoidal cells or mucocele with the biopsy forceps through the working channel. The third group is for patients with inverted papillomas, to precisely identify the insertion and to decide on the most appropriate surgical approach. Conclusions In selected cases, using flexible endoscopy during ESS helps decide the optimal surgical approach and sometimes treat the pathology through a limited approach. Prospective studies for each group of patients are needed to confirm the benefit of this new combined procedure.