Herb-drug Interactions in Neuropsychiatric Pharmacotherapy - A Review of Clinically Relevant Findings

The management of neuropsychiatric disorders relies heavily on pharmacotherapy. The use of herbal products as complimentary medicine, often concomitantly, is common among patients taking prescription neuropsychiatric drugs. Herb-drug interaction, a clinical consequence of this practice, may jeopardize the success of pharmacotherapy in neuropsychiatry. Besides the wellknown ability of phytochemicals to inhibit and/or induce drug-metabolizing enzymes and transport proteins, several phytoconstituents are capable of exerting pharmacological effects on the central nervous system. This study reviewed the relevant literature and identified 13 commonly used herbal products - celery, echinacea, ginkgo, ginseng, hydroxycut, kava, kratom, moringa, piperine, rhodiola, St. Johns wort, terminalia/commiphora ayurvedic mixture and valerian - which have shown clinically relevant interactions with prescription drugs used in the management of neuropsychiatric disorders. The consequent pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions with orthodox medications often result in deleterious clinical consequences. This underscores the importance of caution in herb-drug co-medication.