High intensity interval training improves physical performance in aged female mice: A comparison of mouse frailty assessment tools

•HIIT, 10-min, 3-days-a-week for 8 weeks increases performance in aged female mice.•Excellent agreement between the three Fried phenotype based mouse frailty tools.•The deficit accumulation tool was the only one to discern greater frailty with age.•None of the frailty assessment tools correlated with underlying pathology.•All tools distinguished or trended toward distinguishing mortality in mice.. Frailty syndrome increases the risk for disability and mortality, and is a major health concern amidst the geriatric shift in the population. High intensity interval training (HIIT), which couples bursts of vigorous activity interspersed with active recovery intervals, shows promise for the treatment of frailty. Here we compare and contrast five Fried physical phenotype and one deficit accumulation based mouse frailty assessment tools for identifying the impacts of HIIT on frailty and predicting functional capacity, underlying pathology, and survival in aged female mice. Our data reveal a 10-minute HIIT regimen administered 3-days-a-week for 8-weeks increased treadmill endurance, gait speed and maintained grip strength. One frailty tool identified a benefit of HIIT for frailty, but many were trending suggesting HIIT was beneficial for physical performance in these mice, but the 8-week timeframe may have been insufficient to induce frailty benefits. Finally, most frailty tools distinguished between surviving or non-surviving mice, whereas half correlated with functional capacity measured by nest building ability, and none correlated with underlying pathology. In summary, this study supports the ongoing development of mouse assessment tools as useful instruments for frailty research.