Comparative evaluation of push-out bond strength of three retrograde filling materials in teeth with root apices resected at 90°: Mineral trioxide aggregate Angelus, Zirconomer, and Bioactive bone cement

Surgical endodontic dissatisfaction is frequently caused by an inadequate seal at the apex. The retrograde filling material utilized should prevent any contaminants from seeping into the periradicular tissue. (1) To evaluate push-out bond strength of (MTA) Angelus, Zirconomer, and Bioactive bone cement as root-end filling material, (2) To compare push-out bond strength of three different retrograde filling materials with a universal testing machine. At the cementoenamel junction, 36 removed upper anterior teeth were sliced horizontally. The samples were resected 3 mm at the apical end at a 90° angle along the long axis of the tooth, following the standard protocols. With an ultrasonic tip S12 90ND, a 3 mm root-end cavity was made. The teeth were then divided into three groups at random: Group 1: MTA Angelus, Group 2: Zirconomer, and Group 3: Bioactive bone cement. With the help of small pluggers, each material was compacted in the root-end cavity. Acrylic resin was used to embed the specimens. Each specimen's apical section was sliced into 2-mm thick slices perpendicular to the long axis. A universal testing equipment was used to apply a compressive push-out load, and the push-out bond strength was determined in megapascals. Zirconomer showed higher push-out bond strength when placed in the retrograde cavity preparation, followed by MTA Angelus and then Bioactive bone cement. Zirconomer showed superior resistance to dislodgment when compared to MTA Angelus, followed by Bioactive bone cement.