Strength Evaluation of Functionalized MWCNT-Reinforced Polymer Nanocomposites Synthesized Using a 3D Mixing Approach
The incorporation of carboxyl functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT- COOH) into a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) has been investigated. The resultant tensile and flexural mechanical properties have been determined. In this paper, a novel synthesis process for a MWCNT-reinforced polymer...
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creator | Patel, Vijay Joshi, Unnati Joshi, Anand Oza, Ankit D. Prakash, Chander Linul, Emanoil Campilho, Raul Duarte Salgueiral Gomes Kumar, Sandeep Saxena, Kuldeep Kumar |
description | The incorporation of carboxyl functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT- COOH) into a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) has been investigated. The resultant tensile and flexural mechanical properties have been determined. In this paper, a novel synthesis process for a MWCNT-reinforced polymer nanocomposite is proposed. The proposed method significantly eliminates the most challenging issues of the nano-dispersed phase, including agglomeration and non-homogeneous mixing within a given matrix material, and also resolves the issues occurring in conventional mixing processes. The results of scanning electron microscopy support these claims. This 3D-mixing process is followed by an extrusion process, using a twin-screw extruder for pristine MWCNT, and a compression molding process for COOH-MWCNT, to prepare test specimens for experimentally determining the mechanical properties. The test specimens are fabricated using 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 wt.% MWCNT, with a remaining PMMA phase. The testing is conducted according to ASTM D3039 and ASTM D7264 standards. Significant improvements of 25.41%, 35.85%, and 31.75% in tensile properties and 18.27%, 48%, and 33.33% in flexural properties for 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 wt.% COOH-MWCNT in PMMA, respectively, compared to non-functionalized MWCNTs, were demonstrated. The highest strength was recorded for the nanocomposite with 0.5 wt.% f-MWCNT content, indicating the best doping effect at a lower concentration of f-MWCNT. The proposed CNT-PMMA nanocomposite may be found suitable for use as a scaffold material in the domain of bone tissue engineering research. This type of research possesses a high strength requirement, which may be fulfilled using MWCNT. Furthermore, this analysis also shows a significant amount of enhancement in flexural strength, which is clinically required for fabricating denture bases. |
doi_str_mv | 10.3390/ma15207263 |
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The resultant tensile and flexural mechanical properties have been determined. In this paper, a novel synthesis process for a MWCNT-reinforced polymer nanocomposite is proposed. The proposed method significantly eliminates the most challenging issues of the nano-dispersed phase, including agglomeration and non-homogeneous mixing within a given matrix material, and also resolves the issues occurring in conventional mixing processes. The results of scanning electron microscopy support these claims. This 3D-mixing process is followed by an extrusion process, using a twin-screw extruder for pristine MWCNT, and a compression molding process for COOH-MWCNT, to prepare test specimens for experimentally determining the mechanical properties. The test specimens are fabricated using 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 wt.% MWCNT, with a remaining PMMA phase. The testing is conducted according to ASTM D3039 and ASTM D7264 standards. Significant improvements of 25.41%, 35.85%, and 31.75% in tensile properties and 18.27%, 48%, and 33.33% in flexural properties for 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 wt.% COOH-MWCNT in PMMA, respectively, compared to non-functionalized MWCNTs, were demonstrated. The highest strength was recorded for the nanocomposite with 0.5 wt.% f-MWCNT content, indicating the best doping effect at a lower concentration of f-MWCNT. The proposed CNT-PMMA nanocomposite may be found suitable for use as a scaffold material in the domain of bone tissue engineering research. This type of research possesses a high strength requirement, which may be fulfilled using MWCNT. Furthermore, this analysis also shows a significant amount of enhancement in flexural strength, which is clinically required for fabricating denture bases.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1996-1944</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1996-1944</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/ma15207263</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Basel: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Aviation ; Biocompatibility ; Carbon ; Chemical synthesis ; Compacting ; Dental materials ; Dentures ; Engineering research ; Epoxy adhesives ; Filler materials ; Flexural strength ; Friction welding ; Graphene ; Impact strength ; Investigations ; Mechanical properties ; Morphology ; Multi wall carbon nanotubes ; Nanocomposites ; Nanotubes ; Orthopedics ; Polymer industry ; Polymerization ; Polymers ; Polymethyl methacrylate ; Polymethylmethacrylate ; Pressure molding ; Prostheses ; Tensile properties ; Tensile strength ; Tissue engineering ; Twin screw extruders</subject><ispartof>Materials, 2022-10, Vol.15 (20), p.7263</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2022 MDPI AG</rights><rights>2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2022 by the authors. 2022</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c451t-d98e2a5dd5d4e7ae02cbe5a9072b799f3a3c2d73a967d22c55038c6f224dcfbd3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c451t-d98e2a5dd5d4e7ae02cbe5a9072b799f3a3c2d73a967d22c55038c6f224dcfbd3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-2085-7998 ; 0000-0001-9725-0046 ; 0000-0003-4167-4434 ; 0000-0001-8104-1266 ; 0000-0001-9090-8917 ; 0000-0003-1063-2944 ; 0000-0003-0856-9712 ; 0000-0003-4064-5113</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9610679/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9610679/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,881,27901,27902,53766,53768</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Patel, Vijay</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Joshi, Unnati</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Joshi, Anand</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Oza, Ankit D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Prakash, Chander</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Linul, Emanoil</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Campilho, Raul Duarte Salgueiral Gomes</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kumar, Sandeep</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Saxena, Kuldeep Kumar</creatorcontrib><title>Strength Evaluation of Functionalized MWCNT-Reinforced Polymer Nanocomposites Synthesized Using a 3D Mixing Approach</title><title>Materials</title><description>The incorporation of carboxyl functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT- COOH) into a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) has been investigated. The resultant tensile and flexural mechanical properties have been determined. In this paper, a novel synthesis process for a MWCNT-reinforced polymer nanocomposite is proposed. The proposed method significantly eliminates the most challenging issues of the nano-dispersed phase, including agglomeration and non-homogeneous mixing within a given matrix material, and also resolves the issues occurring in conventional mixing processes. The results of scanning electron microscopy support these claims. This 3D-mixing process is followed by an extrusion process, using a twin-screw extruder for pristine MWCNT, and a compression molding process for COOH-MWCNT, to prepare test specimens for experimentally determining the mechanical properties. The test specimens are fabricated using 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 wt.% MWCNT, with a remaining PMMA phase. The testing is conducted according to ASTM D3039 and ASTM D7264 standards. 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Joshi, Unnati ; Joshi, Anand ; Oza, Ankit D. ; Prakash, Chander ; Linul, Emanoil ; Campilho, Raul Duarte Salgueiral Gomes ; Kumar, Sandeep ; Saxena, Kuldeep Kumar</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c451t-d98e2a5dd5d4e7ae02cbe5a9072b799f3a3c2d73a967d22c55038c6f224dcfbd3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2022</creationdate><topic>Aviation</topic><topic>Biocompatibility</topic><topic>Carbon</topic><topic>Chemical synthesis</topic><topic>Compacting</topic><topic>Dental materials</topic><topic>Dentures</topic><topic>Engineering research</topic><topic>Epoxy adhesives</topic><topic>Filler materials</topic><topic>Flexural strength</topic><topic>Friction welding</topic><topic>Graphene</topic><topic>Impact strength</topic><topic>Investigations</topic><topic>Mechanical properties</topic><topic>Morphology</topic><topic>Multi wall carbon nanotubes</topic><topic>Nanocomposites</topic><topic>Nanotubes</topic><topic>Orthopedics</topic><topic>Polymer industry</topic><topic>Polymerization</topic><topic>Polymers</topic><topic>Polymethyl methacrylate</topic><topic>Polymethylmethacrylate</topic><topic>Pressure molding</topic><topic>Prostheses</topic><topic>Tensile properties</topic><topic>Tensile strength</topic><topic>Tissue engineering</topic><topic>Twin screw extruders</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Patel, Vijay</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Joshi, Unnati</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Joshi, Anand</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Oza, Ankit D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Prakash, Chander</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Linul, Emanoil</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Campilho, Raul Duarte Salgueiral Gomes</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kumar, Sandeep</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Saxena, Kuldeep Kumar</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Materials</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Patel, Vijay</au><au>Joshi, Unnati</au><au>Joshi, Anand</au><au>Oza, Ankit D.</au><au>Prakash, Chander</au><au>Linul, Emanoil</au><au>Campilho, Raul Duarte Salgueiral Gomes</au><au>Kumar, Sandeep</au><au>Saxena, Kuldeep Kumar</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Strength Evaluation of Functionalized MWCNT-Reinforced Polymer Nanocomposites Synthesized Using a 3D Mixing Approach</atitle><jtitle>Materials</jtitle><date>2022-10-18</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>15</volume><issue>20</issue><spage>7263</spage><pages>7263-</pages><issn>1996-1944</issn><eissn>1996-1944</eissn><abstract>The incorporation of carboxyl functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT- COOH) into a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) has been investigated. The resultant tensile and flexural mechanical properties have been determined. In this paper, a novel synthesis process for a MWCNT-reinforced polymer nanocomposite is proposed. The proposed method significantly eliminates the most challenging issues of the nano-dispersed phase, including agglomeration and non-homogeneous mixing within a given matrix material, and also resolves the issues occurring in conventional mixing processes. The results of scanning electron microscopy support these claims. This 3D-mixing process is followed by an extrusion process, using a twin-screw extruder for pristine MWCNT, and a compression molding process for COOH-MWCNT, to prepare test specimens for experimentally determining the mechanical properties. The test specimens are fabricated using 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 wt.% MWCNT, with a remaining PMMA phase. The testing is conducted according to ASTM D3039 and ASTM D7264 standards. Significant improvements of 25.41%, 35.85%, and 31.75% in tensile properties and 18.27%, 48%, and 33.33% in flexural properties for 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 wt.% COOH-MWCNT in PMMA, respectively, compared to non-functionalized MWCNTs, were demonstrated. The highest strength was recorded for the nanocomposite with 0.5 wt.% f-MWCNT content, indicating the best doping effect at a lower concentration of f-MWCNT. The proposed CNT-PMMA nanocomposite may be found suitable for use as a scaffold material in the domain of bone tissue engineering research. This type of research possesses a high strength requirement, which may be fulfilled using MWCNT. Furthermore, this analysis also shows a significant amount of enhancement in flexural strength, which is clinically required for fabricating denture bases.</abstract><cop>Basel</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><doi>10.3390/ma15207263</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2085-7998</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9725-0046</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4167-4434</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8104-1266</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9090-8917</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1063-2944</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0856-9712</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4064-5113</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Aviation Biocompatibility Carbon Chemical synthesis Compacting Dental materials Dentures Engineering research Epoxy adhesives Filler materials Flexural strength Friction welding Graphene Impact strength Investigations Mechanical properties Morphology Multi wall carbon nanotubes Nanocomposites Nanotubes Orthopedics Polymer industry Polymerization Polymers Polymethyl methacrylate Polymethylmethacrylate Pressure molding Prostheses Tensile properties Tensile strength Tissue engineering Twin screw extruders |
title | Strength Evaluation of Functionalized MWCNT-Reinforced Polymer Nanocomposites Synthesized Using a 3D Mixing Approach |
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