Nucleotide- and Protein-Dependent Functions of Actg1

Cytoplasmic β- and γ-actin proteins are 99% identical but support unique organismal functions. The cytoplasmic actin nucleotide sequences and , respectively, are more divergent but still 89% similar. mice are embryonic lethal and cells fail to proliferate, but editing the gene to express γ-actin ( ) resulted in none of the overt phenotypes of the knockout revealing protein-independent functions for . To determine if has a protein-independent function, we crossed and mice to generate the bG/0 line, where the only cytoplasmic actin expressed is γ-actin from . The bG/0 mice were viable but showed a survival defect despite expressing γ-actin protein at levels no different from bG/gG with normal survival. A unique myopathy phenotype was also observed in bG/0 mice. We conclude that impaired survival and myopathy in bG/0 mice are due to loss of nucleotide-dependent function(s). On the other hand, the bG/0 genotype rescued functions impaired by , including cell proliferation and auditory function, suggesting a role for γ-actin protein in both fibroblasts and hearing. Together, these results identify nucleotide-dependent functions for while implicating γ-actin protein in more cell-/tissue-specific functions.