Differential diagnosis and pathogenesis of the neurological signs and symptoms in COVID‐19 and long‐COVID syndrome

Neurological features have now been reported very frequently in the ongoing COVID‐19 pandemic caused by SARS‐CoV‐2. The neurological deficits associated features are observed in both acute and chronic stages of COVID‐19 and they appear to overlap with wide‐ranging symptoms that can be attributed to being of non‐neural origins, thus obscuring the definitive diagnosis of neuro‐COVID. The pathogenetic factors acting in concert to cause neuronal injury are now emerging, with SARS‐CoV‐2 directly affecting the brain coupled with the neuroinflammatory factors have been implicated in the causation of disabilities in acute COVID‐19 and patients with Long‐COVID syndrome. As the differentiation between a neural origin and other organ‐based causation of a particular neurological feature is of prognostic significance, it implores a course of action to this covert, yet important neurological challenge.