Exploring the Masculine Identity in the Context of HIV Prevention in Chile

Purpose This study aims to describe human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐related knowledge and beliefs, as well as understanding attitudes towards masculinity in the context of HIV prevention, held among Chilean men. Design This study reports the qualitative findings of a sequential qualitative‐quantitative mixed methodology study: Bringing men into HIV Prevention in Chile, NIH R01 TW007674‐03. Methods Twenty in‐depth interviews using a qualitative, descriptive approach to elicit information for the study were conducted among men residing in two communities of low socio‐economic status in Santiago, Chile. Findings Content analysis of interviews revealed three main themes regarding machismo and how it relates to HIV: sexuality and machismo, the changing nature of machismo, and violence against women. Conclusions Addressing HIV and intimate partner violence through developing education programs tailored to meet the needs of Chilean men are needed to include men in HIV prevention efforts. Clinical Relevance Specifically, incorporating ideas of what men consider healthy masculinity and working to destigmatize men who have sex with men are important steps in addressing the negative aspects of machismo.