Experimental Study of the Dynamic and Static Compression Mechanical Properties of Closed-Cell PVC Foams

Closed-cell polyvinyl chloride foam (PVC) possesses many advantages, including its light weight, moisture protection, high specific strength, high specific stiffness, and low thermal conductivity, and is widely used as the core material in composite sandwich structures. It is increasingly used in fields with light weight requirements, such as shipbuilding and aerospace. Some of these structures can be affected by the action of dynamic loads during their lifespan, such as accidental or hostile blast loads as well as wind-loaded debris shocks. Examining the material properties of PVC foams under dynamic load is essential to predict the performance of foam sandwich designs. In this study, the compressive responses of a group of PVC foams with different densities were investigated under a broad range of quasi-static conditions and high strain rates using a universal testing machine and a lengthened Split Hopkinson press bar (SHPB) fabricated from titanium alloy. The results show that the mechanical properties of foam materials are related to their density and are strain rate-sensitive. The compressive strength and plateau stress of the foams were augmented with increased foam density. In the quasi-static strain rate range, the compressive strength of PVC foams at 10−1 s−1 was 27% higher than that at 10−4 s−1. With a strain rate of 1700 s−1, the strength was 107% higher than the quasi-static value at 10−4 s−1.