Prevalence and Health Outcomes of Clostridioides difficile Infection During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic in a National Sample of United States Hospital Systems

Abstract Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic resulted in unprecedented emphasis on infection control procedures; however, it is unknown whether the pandemic altered Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) prevalence. This study investigated CDI prevalence before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in a national sample of United States (US) hospitals. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study using the Premier Healthcare Database. Patients with laboratory-confirmed CDI from April 2019 through March 2020 (pre–COVID-19 period) and April 2020 through March 2021 (COVID-19 period) were included. CDI prevalence (CDI encounters per 10 000 total encounters) and inpatient outcomes (eg, mortality, hospital length of stay) were compared between pre–COVID-19 and COVID-19 periods using bivariable analyses or interrupted time series analysis. Results A total of 25 992 CDI encounters were included representing 22 130 unique CDI patients. CDI prevalence decreased from the pre–COVID-19 to COVID-19 period (12.2 per 10 000 vs 8.9 per 10 000, P