MIR146A and ADIPOQ genetic variants are associated with birth weight in relation to gestational age: a cohort study

Purpose To evaluate the genetic variants related to polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and its metabolic complications in girls born small for gestational age (SGA). Design Retrospective birth cohort study. Materials and methods We evaluated 66 women of reproductive age born at term (37–42 weeks of gestational age) according to the birth weight in relation to gestational age: 26 SGA and 40 AGA (Adequate for gestational age). Anthropometric and biochemical characteristics were measured, as well as the PCOS prevalence. We analyzed 48 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) previously associated with PCOS and its comorbidities using TaqMan Low-Density Array (TLDA). miRNet and STRING databases were used to predict target and disease networks. Results Anthropometric and biochemical characteristics did not differ between the SGA and AGA groups, as well as insulin resistance and PCOS prevalence. Two SNPs were not in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, the rs2910164 ( MIR146A C > G) and rs182052 ( ADIPOQ G > A). The rs2910164 minor allele frequency (MAF) was increased in SGA (OR, 2.77; 95%; CI, 1.22—6.29), while the rs182052 was increased AGA (OR, 0.34; 95%; CI, 0.13 – 0.88). The alleles related to reduced miRNA-146a (C) and ADIPOQ (A) activity showed increased frequency in SGA. The mature miR-146a targets 319 genes, been the CXCR4 , TMEM167A and IF144L common targets and contributes to PCOS. The ADIPOQ main protein interactions were ERP44, PPARGCIA and CDH13. Conclusions The miR-146a ( rs2910164 ) and ADIPOQ (rs182052) allelic variants are related to birth weight in SGA and may predict health-related outcomes, such as PCOS and obesity risk.