A Novel Pathogenic Variant in PAX8 Leads to Familial Congenital Hypothyroidism

We report a 10-month-old girl with familial congenital hypothyroidism harboring a novel heterozygous pathogenic variant in the paired DNA-binding domain of PAX8 (NM_003466:c.110T>C:p.Leu37Pro). Genotype–phenotype correlation revealed complete penetrance of this PAX8 defect in this family, in which the affected father and half-brother carry the same mutation. This deleterious variant has not been reported in any of the available databases [MAFgnomAD = 0, dbSNP (−)], and the amino acid leucine at position 37 is highly conserved across species. Establishing the molecular diagnosis expands our knowledge on the cause of thyroid dysgenesis and provides a guide for counseling and early treatment.