From chaos to creativity: Designing collaborative communication training for the delivery of bad news

Before the COVID-19 pandemic, teaching communication skills in health care focused primarily on developing skills during face-to-face conversation. Even experienced clinicians were unprepared for the transition in communication modalities necessitated due to physical distancing requirements and visitation restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to develop and pilot a comprehensive video-mediated communication training program and test its feasibility in multiple institutional settings and medical disciplines. The education team, consisting of clinician-educators in general surgery and emergency medicine (EM) and faculty specialists in simulation and coaching, created the intervention. Surgery and EM interns in addition to senior medical students applying in these specialties were recruited to participate. Three 90-minute sessions were offered focusing on 3 communication topics that became increasingly complex and challenging: breaking bad news, goals of care discussions, and disclosure of medical error. This was a mixed-methods study using survey and narrative analysis of open comment fields. Learner recruitment varied by institution but was successful, and most (75%) learners found the experience to be valuable. All of the participants reported feeling able to lead difficult discussions, either independently or with minimal assistance. Only about half (52%) of the participants reported feeling confident to independently disclose medical error subsequent to the session. We found the program to be feasible based on acceptability, demand, the ability to implement, and practicality. Of the 3 communication topics studied, confidence with disclosure of medical error proved to be the most difficult. The optimal length and structure for these programs warrants further investigation.