Patient-Centered Pain Care Using Artificial Intelligence and Mobile Health Tools: A Randomized Comparative Effectiveness Trial

IMPORTANCE: Cognitive behavioral therapy for chronic pain (CBT-CP) is a safe and effective alternative to opioid analgesics. Because CBT-CP requires multiple sessions and therapists are scarce, many patients have limited access or fail to complete treatment. OBJECTIVES: To determine if a CBT-CP prog...

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Veröffentlicht in:Archives of internal medicine (1960) 2022-09, Vol.182 (9), p.975-983
Hauptverfasser: Piette, John D, Newman, Sean, Krein, Sarah L, Marinec, Nicolle, Chen, Jenny, Williams, David A, Edmond, Sara N, Driscoll, Mary, LaChappelle, Kathryn M, Kerns, Robert D, Maly, Marianna, Kim, H. Myra, Farris, Karen B, Higgins, Diana M, Buta, Eugenia, Heapy, Alicia A
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Zusammenfassung:IMPORTANCE: Cognitive behavioral therapy for chronic pain (CBT-CP) is a safe and effective alternative to opioid analgesics. Because CBT-CP requires multiple sessions and therapists are scarce, many patients have limited access or fail to complete treatment. OBJECTIVES: To determine if a CBT-CP program that personalizes patient treatment using reinforcement learning, a field of artificial intelligence (AI), and interactive voice response (IVR) calls is noninferior to standard telephone CBT-CP and saves therapist time. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This was a randomized noninferiority, comparative effectiveness trial including 278 patients with chronic back pain from the Department of Veterans Affairs health system (recruitment and data collection from July 11, 2017-April 9, 2020). More patients were randomized to the AI-CBT-CP group than to the control (1.4:1) to maximize the system’s ability to learn from patient interactions. INTERVENTIONS: All patients received 10 weeks of CBT-CP. For the AI-CBT-CP group, patient feedback via daily IVR calls was used by the AI engine to make weekly recommendations for either a 45-minute or 15-minute therapist-delivered telephone session or an individualized IVR-delivered therapist message. Patients in the comparison group were offered 10 therapist-delivered telephone CBT-CP sessions (45 minutes/session). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The primary outcome was the Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ; range 0-24), measured at 3 months (primary end point) and 6 months. Secondary outcomes included pain intensity and pain interference. Consensus guidelines were used to identify clinically meaningful improvements for responder analyses (eg, a 30% improvement in RMDQ scores and pain intensity). Data analyses were performed from April 2021 to May 2022. RESULTS: The study population included 278 patients (mean [SD] age, 63.9 [12.2] years; 248 [89.2%] men; 225 [81.8%] White individuals). The 3-month mean RMDQ score difference between AI-CBT-CP and standard CBT-CP was −0.72 points (95% CI, −2.06 to 0.62) and the 6-month difference was -1.24 (95% CI, -2.48 to 0); noninferiority criterion were met at both the 3- and 6-month end points (P 
ISSN:2168-6106
2168-6114
DOI:10.1001/jamainternmed.2022.3178