The intra‐arterial selective cooling infusion system: A mathematical temperature analysis and in vitro experiments for acute ischemic stroke therapy

Introduction The neuroprotection of acute ischemic stroke patients can be achieved by intra‐arterial selective cooling infusion using cold saline, which can decrease brain temperature without influencing the body core temperature. This approach can lead to high burdens on the heart and decreased hematocrit in the scenario of loading a high amount of liquid for longtime usage. Therefore, autologous blood is utilized as perfusate to circumvent those side effects. Methods In this study, a prototype instrument with an autologous blood cooling system was developed and further evaluated by a mathematical model for brain temperature estimation. Results Hypothermia could be achieved due to the adequate cooling capacity of the prototype system, which could provide the lowest cooling temperature into the blood vessel of 10.5°C at 25 rpm (209.7 ± 0.8 ml/min). And, the core body temperature did not alter significantly (−0.7 ~ −0.2°C) after 1‐h perfusion. The cooling rate and temperature distributions of the brain were analyzed, which showed a 2°C decrease within the initial 5 min infusion by 44 ml/min and 13.7°C perfusate. Conclusion This prototype instrument system could safely cool simulated blood in vitro and reperfuse it to the target cerebral blood vessel. This technique could promote the clinical application of an autologous blood perfusion system for stroke therapy. The safety and efficacy of the intra‐arterial selective cooling infusion system were preliminarily evaluated by mathematical brain temperature estimation and in vitro experiment. This technique can circumvent the adverse effects of saline perfusion and promote the clinical application of an autologous blood perfusion system for stroke therapy. This system is a reliable tool for neuroprotective studies on stroke animal models.