Midgut malrotation presenting with hyperemesis gravidarum: A case report

Midgut malrotation is a rare congenital abnormality resulting from failure of complete intestinal rotation and subsequent fixation during early fetal development. There appeared to be no obvious symptoms in most patients, and a few patients may exhibit symptoms similar to hyperemesis gravidarum, such as nausea and vomiting. Here, we present a case of midgut malrotation presenting as hyperemesis gravidarum. A 27-year-old woman with an intrauterine pregnancy of 27 + 6 weeks complained of severe nausea and vomiting for 2 weeks. Magnetic resonance imaging showed obvious dilatation in the proximal part of the duodenum and gastric cavity and the absence of a duodenal path dorsal to the superior mesenteric artery, which was diagnosed as midgut malrotation. Considering that the patient's vital signs were stable, without manifestation of peritonitis or the risks of surgery to the fetus, conservative treatment was adopted. Unfortunately, the fetus developed severe hydrocephalus at 32 weeks. The patient and her family decided to abandon the fetus, and a mid-trimester-induced abortion was performed. The related symptoms completely disappeared after delivery, and the relevant examination after discharge also confirmed the presence of midgut malrotation without gastrointestinal discomfort within 1 year after delivery. Midgut malrotation can be considered as a differential diagnosis of hyperemesis gravidarum. Conservative treatment under close monitoring is desirable in pregnant women diagnosed with midgut malrotation.