Pulmonary mucormycosis after renal transplantation: A case report and a literature review

Mucormycosis is a rare fungal infection mostly encountered in immunosuppressed patients. Other major risk factors are diabetes mellitus, solid organ transplant and chronic use of glucocorticoids. Early diagnosis should be obtained as soon as possible due to the infection's aggressive behavior and high probability of dissemination. Here we present a case of pulmonary mucormycosis in a non-diabetic patient, known to have systemic lupus erythematous and had a renal transplant recently presented with shortness of breath and was treated with antibiotic as a case of chest infection with minimal improvement. Then, after full investigations, he seemed to have mucormycosis which was successfully treated with combined liposomal amphotericin B and resection of the infectious lesion. •Mucormycosis is a highly lethal medical condition that occurs more often in immunocompromised patient.•Proper medical therapy should be started immediately when this infection is suspected.•The overall mortality rate of Pulmonary mucormycosis is 76%, increasing to 95% if extrathoracic dissemination occurs.•Survival of more than two weeks in the absence of treatment is extremely rare.