Main Strategies for the Synthesis of meso-Arylporphyrins

meso -Arylporphyrins as most accessible tetrapyrrole macroheterocycles have always been the focus of attention from researchers concerned with practically useful properties of these compounds. The first syn­theses of meso -arylporphyrins date back to about 90 years ago. Up to now, the yields of these compounds have been improved from 5 to 80%. The present review analyzes different ways and strategies for the synthesis of meso -aryl-substituted porphyrins. The most efficient methods that can be scaled up to an industrial level have been identified.