IgG targeting distinct seasonal coronavirus- conserved SARS-CoV-2 spike subdomains correlates with differential COVID-19 disease outcomes
Despite SARS-CoV-2 being a “novel” virus, early detection of anti-spike IgG in severe COVID-19 patients may be caused by the amplification of humoral memory responses against seasonal coronaviruses. Here, we examine this phenomenon by characterizing anti-spike IgG responses in non-hospitalized conva...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Cell reports (Cambridge) 2022-05, Vol.39 (9), p.110904-110904, Article 110904 |
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Zusammenfassung: | Despite SARS-CoV-2 being a “novel” virus, early detection of anti-spike IgG in severe COVID-19 patients may be caused by the amplification of humoral memory responses against seasonal coronaviruses. Here, we examine this phenomenon by characterizing anti-spike IgG responses in non-hospitalized convalescent individuals across a spectrum of COVID-19 severity. We observe that disease severity positively correlates with anti-spike IgG levels, IgG cross-reactivity against other betacoronaviruses (β-CoVs), and FcγR activation. Analysis of IgG targeting β-CoV-conserved and non-conserved immunodominant epitopes within the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein revealed epitope-specific relationships: IgG targeting the conserved heptad repeat (HR) 2 region significantly correlates with milder disease, while targeting the conserved S2′FP region correlates with more severe disease. Furthermore, a lower HR2-to-S2′FP IgG-binding ratio correlates with greater disease severity, with ICU-hospitalized COVID-19 patients showing the lowest HR2/S2′FP ratios. These findings suggest that HR2/S2′FP IgG profiles may predict disease severity and offer insight into protective versus deleterious humoral recall responses.
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•COVID-19 severity correlates with FcγR activity and betacoronavirus cross-reactivity•IgG recall responses may be protective or deleterious, depending on epitope targeting•Conserved regions: targeting HR2 correlates with mild disease, S2′FP with severe disease•HR2-to-S2′FP IgG ratio may predict COVID-19 severity
Garrido et al. find that humoral memory responses against seasonal coronaviruses contribute to COVID-19 disease severity, conferring either protection or risk, depending on epitope targeting. These data suggest an explanatory mechanism underlying the atypical bimodality of COVID-19 disease severity, the observation of which was previously obscured by aggregate epitope analysis. |
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ISSN: | 2211-1247 2211-1247 |
DOI: | 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110904 |